A Review on Existing Landslide Detection System

Abstract

Landslides are among the most serious natural disasters, especially in hilly and mountainous regions where heavy rainfall, unstable soil, and geological conditions increase the risk of slope failure. Such events can cause significant loss of life and damage to infrastructure, making early detection and timely warning systems extremely important. This paper proposes an IoT-based landslide early-detection system that uses LoRa and LoRaWAN to enable real- time monitoring with low power consumption and long-range data transmission. The system integrates soil moisture, rainfall, and vibration sensors to monitor environmental conditions related to landslides continuously. Sensor data is processed by a microcontroller and transmitted via LoRa nodes to a LoRaWAN gateway, which then forwards the information to a cloud server for analysis and visualisation. When monitored values exceed predefined limits, the system automatically generates warnings via alarms and remote notifications, allowing authorities and residents to take preventive action. Due to its long communication range, energy efficiency, and reliability, the proposed system is suitable for deployment in remote and difficult terrains. Experimental observations indicate that the system outperforms conventional wireless technologies in communication distance and power efficiency, making it a practical and cost-effective solution for landslide early warning and disaster risk reduction.